Types of sports balls��⚾����
Types of balls:
1.cricket
2.Baseball
3.Basket ball
4.American football
Racquet and ball
Tennis
Squash
Badminton
Football
A ball: It is a hollow spherical or egg shaped object that is kicked, thrown or hit in a game.
Ancient Mesoamericans invented the rubber ball as early as 1600 BC. They were sold in various sizes for the ball game and also buried in bogs as offerings. The Spanish were the first Europeans to see the bouncing rubber balls. They were solid and not inflated.
The Mayan ballgame of Pitz is believed to be the first ball sport, it was played around 2500 BCE. There are also artifacts and structures that show Chinese to have played the ball game as early as 2000BCE. Today, we are going to learn about eight different types of balls.
Types of balls:
1.cricket ball
2.Baseball
3.Basket ball
4.Football
Bad minton
Tennis ball
Squash ball
Badminton ball
A soccer ball: Rubber soccer balls were made in the 20th century by Charles Goodyear in 1855. He made the first vulcanized rubber soccer ball. Panels similar to those of a basketball were glued together at the seams.
There are different types of soccer balls depending on the match and turf including training footballs, match footballs, professional match footballs, beach footballs, street footballs, indoor footballs, turf balls, futsal footballs and mini footballs. Let's learn about the few types listed
Premium match balls: These are balls played by professional football players and are only used on a firm ground. They are FIFA approved and meet all the standards acceptable by FIFA such as shape, air retention, prevention of water absorption etc.
Match balls for natural grass: These are balls which have upper echelon materials and standards approved by either NCAA and NFHS at college and high school level.
Training balls for natural grass: These are ball made for outdoor play. They are preferred for training and more durable than match balls. They can also be used in recreation.
Turf balls for synthetic fields: These are designed to be played on artificial fields. They move and bounce faster on artificial fields. They can expand and become harder during hot seasons like summer making them painful to kick and head.
Training footballs: These are made using long wear materials in their construction which accommodate heavy use over multiple months and years. They are made to be medium or high quality balls.
1.Cricket ball: This is a hard solid ball used to play cricket. A cricket ball is composed of a cork core wound with string and leather cover stitched on. It's manufacture is regulated by the cricket law at first class level. There are three types of cricket balls including the red ball, pink ball and white ball.
The red ball is used in test cricket where players wear white jerseys usually played during the day light. The white ball is usually used during cricket games played at night. They allow better visibility under floodlights at the playground, and since some jerseys are red, white balls are a better option. Pink balls were introduced for day and night test matches since white balls cannot be used for test cricket. Red bulls cannot be used because they make a brownish color under floodlights.
Red balls are the earliest type of cricket balls used in all forms until 1977. They also swing and seam when they are new.
Kerry Packer started the world cricket series in 1977 using white cricket balls and after the world series, white balls and colored clothing became part of the one day international matches.
Pink balls were used for the first time in an international match in 2009 when the women's England team defeated Australia in a one day match at Worley. The pink ball was used for the first time in a day-night test match in 2015
Baseball: Early baseballs were made from rubber core, melted old shoes wrapped in yarn and leather. Fish eyes were used as cores in some places. Pitchers usually made their own balls. Abner Doubleday invented baseballs and the game although his invention did not have patent rights. Harry and George Wright took hold of his invention and sold baseballs to teams for profit.
There are about six different types of baseballs such as safety baseballs which are designed for younger players of age 4 years to 8 years, reduced injury factor baseballs which are for higher performance. They have a poly core and are softer than a regular youth hardball. Youth league baseballs are another type which have a cushioned cork center and are less hard than balls designed for adult play.
High school and college baseballs are another type similar to professional types but have a slightly lighter density and are played with aluminum bats, not wood. Practice baseballs are used by all types of players, they are inexpensive with lower quality materials for practice. Professional baseballs have a high grade leather cover and rolled seams that are neither flat nor raised. They are designed for wooden bats and are used in major, minor and other leagues.
3.Basket ball: The history of a basket ball began in 1891 by James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts by Canadian physical education instructor as a less injury prone sport than football. He created the basketball sport to keep the athletics indoors during the winters.
There are three major types of basketballs including Leather basketballs, composite or synthetic leather basketballs, Rubber basketballs. Leather basketballs are made from 100% genuine leather cover. They are made strictly for indoor hardwood courts only because the feel of the leather will roughen when used on concrete surfaces. Composite or synthetic leather basketballs are covered with artificial or synthetic leather material that has a feel of leather. They are much easier to manufacture and cheaper. Rubber basketballs are lined with rubber covers and are ideal for concrete surfaces. They are good for beginners since they are cheap to produce.
4.Football: This is a prolate spheroid shaped football inflated with nitrogen. A referee will stop play immediately if the ball does not meet the requirements of size and shape. It is traditionally made of brown leather and modern footballs are synthetic and manufactured in different colors and patterns. A league ball is longer and more oval and a union ball is shorter and more round.
The first football was simply an inflated pig's bladder because a pigs bladder has a slight oval shape to it. There are 4 types of footballs balls including size 3 which is made for ages under 7's, U8's and U9's. U8 means for players under the age of 8, U9 means the soccer age for a player born in 2010 active during the year 2018 to 19.
Size 4 rugby is a ball used for age groups under ten, U11's, U12's, U13's, U14's.
Size 4.5 is a transitional ball for players changing from the size 4 ball to the size 5 ball giving them an opportunity of improving confidence and skills before moving the larger ball.
Size 5 ball is a colts and senior rugby for U14's and above.
William Webb Ellis was the first to catch and run with a football when he was a pupil at rugby School during the early 1800s although it was against the rules at the time. So it is believed that this is where rugby was invented.
Badminton ball: This was invented in India by the version called Poona. In 1870, British Army officer learned the sport. In 1873, Duke of Beaufort introduced the sport at its country estate, Badminton, which is where the game gets its name. The ball in Badminton is also called a shuttlecock, bird or birdie. The ball is an open conical shape formed by feathers embedded into a rounded cork base.
There are two types of shuttlecocks.
Synthetic shuttlecocks and feather shuttlecocks. Feather shuttlecocks are used in all pro games. They are aerodynamic in design, light and travel through the air easily. They require enough use of force to handle in air because their light frame slows down their movement through air. Synthetic shuttlecocks last much longer and are easier to hit than the feathered version. They are much cheaper than the feathered shuttlecocks. They are good for the badminton beginners.
Tennis ball: These were invented by Charles Goodyear. He was famous for his rubber tires and other industrialized products. He made the first tennis rubber ball with felt stitched along the outside. This was developed as the rubber vulcanization process became popular in the 1970s. David Attenborough's made the first yellow tennis balls which looked good on color TV. He got this idea when he was the controller of BBC2.
There are different types of tennis balls including:
Beginner balls: These have been made to make it easier for the beginners, children and recreational players to learn the game. Beginner balls are sub-categorized into:
Stage 3 red balls which are the first type of balls used by beginners in mini tennis.
Stage 2 orange balls which are used on a ¾ length of the court.
Stage 1 green balls which have a lower bouncing than a normal ball
Real tennis balls: These are traditionally made from a spherical stitched envelope of leather or cloth stuffed with rags, horse hair or similar materials while modern balls have been based on rubber.
Real have got a hardcore of compacted clothes. Currently, cork core from old wine corks are usually used. The coke is tightly covered by tightly wound tape and lattice of criss cross string over the tape.
Pressurized balls: These balls are used by pros and common. They utilize internal pressure that gives greater bounce, speed and spin. They fade very fast over time and slow down in speed. They are sold in airtight containers to preserve their pressure which needs to be 14 to 16 Ibs for proper bounce. The pressure inside the ball will leak slowly over time for around a week after.
They have got more bounce, more spin because they are light, more speed since they have got less mass than pressure less balls.
Non pressurized balls: These are made with no internal air pressure. The internal pressure may not exceed 1 psi. Their core is made of rubber only. It is harder and thicker than the rubber of a standard ball.
Regular duty balls: They are designed for duty on clay courts. They have a thinner and less fuzzy felt covering so that the balls will pick up less clay when used on those courts.
Extra duty balls: These are used on hard and grass courts. They wear down less quickly and have a thicker felt that is woven not as tightly around the ball's core. The felt can be used for longer periods of time.
Squash balls: This is a ball played in the racket and ball sport played by two (singles) or four players (doubles squash) in a four walled court with a small hollow rubber ball (squash ball). There are two categories of squash ball including dunlop balls and unsquashable balls. This is the best selling ball brand in the United Kingdom.
The Dunlop pro squash ball is used by professional squash ball players. It has two yellow dots and measures 40mm in diameter. It has the lowest bounce.
The Dunlop competition squash ball is played by regular squash players and has a single yellow dot and bounces slightly higher. It has upto 10% more hang time to play your shot. It measures 40mm in diameter.
Dunlop progress squash ball is 6% larger and measures 42.5mm in diameter. It has one red dot, 20% longer hang time and is designed for improving and recreational players.
Dunlop max squash ball which was been rebranded to the dunlop into ball is a perfect adult beginners ball. It has one blue dot and measures 45mm. It has 40% hang time.
The Dunlop fun mini squash ball is designed for players under the age of 7 years and measures 60mm in diameter. It has the highest bounce of all dunlop squash balls and is a part of stage 1 mini squash development programme.
The Dunlop play mini squash ball is part of the stage 2 Mini Squash development Programme and measures 47mm in diameter. The ball is measured for player from ages 7 to 10 years.
Unsquashable: This is the leading brand in the United Kingdom produced by T Prince in the United Kingdom.
Unsquashable Mini Improver Squash ball: It measures approximately 48mm and has a split color way of orange yellow. It is designed as part of the stage 2 squash development programme.
Unsquashable Mini pro squash ball is designed for junior players that have progressed. The ball is split colored into yellow and green to show flight through the air. It measures approximately 44mm.
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